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读过 英诗的境界
很喜欢哈代(Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928)的诗,《英诗的境界》收录了他的三首诗,在此和大家分享。 抒情诗里包括了情诗,所咏的对象主要是他的前妻埃玛,是悼亡之作,但与一般悼亡之作不同,没有美化死者,而是如实写出,当初如何地爱,后来又怎样让时间冲蚀了感情,到末了则更是眷恋。这一种讲真话的态度,和对过往的时与地的深思,都是哈代的特点。他的感情极为真挚深厚,诗中无滥调,也无丽词,而是用乡下人本质的语言,有时掺加几个僻词,甚至自造的词,但决不走浮艳的路,读起来反而使人低徊不已。可以《呼唤声》一诗为例: 我深深怀恋的女人,你那样地把我呼唤, 把我呼唤,说你如今已不象从前—— 一度变了,不再是我心中的光灿 ——却象开初,我们的生活美好时一般。 莫非那真是你的呼声?那就让我瞧瞧你, 就象那时我走近小镇,你站在那里 等候我,是呵,就象那时我熟知的你, 甚至连你那身别致的天蓝裙衣! 难道那不过是懒倦的微风 飘过湿润的草地吹到了我身边, 而你已化作无声无息的阴影, 无论远近,再也听不见? 于是我,踉跄向前, 四周树叶儿飘散, 北风稀稀透过棘丛间, 犹闻那女人在呼唤。 (此节引哈代各诗,皆钱兆明所译) The Voice Woman much missed, how you call to me, call to me, Saying that now you are not as you were When you had changed from the one who was all to me, But as at first, when our day was fair. Can it be you that I hear? Let me view you, then, Standing as when I drew near to the town Where you would wait for me: yes, as I knew you then, Even to the original air-blue gown! Or is it only the breeze, in its listlessness Travelling across the wet mead to me here, You being ever dissolved to wan wistlessness, Heard no more again far or near? Thus I; faltering forward, Leaves around me falling, Wind oozing thin through the thorn from norward, And the woman calling. 情诗之外,哈代还留下了大量其它优秀诗篇。 《写在“万国破裂”时》一诗用乡间常见的形象——老马耕地,茅根起火,少女恋爱——来同战争对照,表明屠杀瞬将消失,而人生却是永恒的。诗只三节,每节只一个中心形象,语言极为简洁,只到最后两行才略点题: [此首作于第一次世界大战初期,“万国破裂”的意象取自《旧约•耶利米书》第十五章第二十节“你是我的战斧,我要用你把万国砸得粉碎。”] I 只有一个人跟在一匹 垂头踉跄的老马后 缓缓地、默默地在耙地, 他们在半眠中走。 Ⅱ 只有几缕没有火光的烟 从一堆堆茅根袅起; 王朝一代往下传 这却延续不变易。 Ⅲ 远处一个少女跟她侣伴 说着话悄悄走近; 未及他们的故事失传, 战史便在夜空消隐。 In Time of "The Breaking of Nations" I Only a man harrowing clods In a slow silent walk With an old horse that stumbles and nods Half asleep as they stalk. II Only thin smoke without flame From the heaps of couch-grass; Yet this will go onward the same Through Dynasties pass. III Yonder a maid and her wight Come whispering by: War’s annals will cloud into night Ere their story die. 《身后》一诗更是中外诗歌中罕见之作,全文如下: 当我不安度过一生后,“今世”把门一锁, 五月又象新丝织成的纤巧的翅膀, 摆动起欢快的绿叶,邻居们会不会说, “他这个人素来留意这样的景象”? 若是在黄昏,如眼睑无声地一眨那样, 暮天的苍鹰掠过高地的阴影 落在叫风吹斜的荆棘上,注视者会想: “这准保是他熟悉的情景。” 我若死于一个飞蛾连翩、温暖漆黑的夜里, 当刺猬偷偷摸摸地穿过草地时, 有人会说,“他为保护这些小生命出过力, 但没做成什么;如今他已去世。” 人们传闻我终于安息的消息后, 若倚门仰望冬夜布满星斗的天际, 愿从此见不到我的人心中浮现这样的念头: “他这个人可洞悉那里的奥秘。” 当丧钟开始为我哀鸣,一阵轻风吹过, 哀音随之一顿,旋即继续轰鸣, 仿佛新的钟声又起,可有人会说: “他听不见了,过去对这却总留心”? Afterwards When the Present has latched its postern behind my tremulous stay, And the May month flaps its glad green leaves like wings, Delicate-filmed as new-spun silk, will the neighbours say, "He was a man who used to notice such things"? If it be in the dusk when, like an eyelid’s soundless blink, The dewfall-hawk comes crossing the shades to alight Upon the wind-warped upland thorn, a gazer may think, "To him this must have been a familiar sight." If I pass during some nocturnal blackness, mothy and warm, When the hedgehog travels furtively over the lawn, One may say, "He strove that such innocent creatures should come to no harm, But he could do little for them; and now he is gone." If, when hearing that I have been stilled at last, they stand at the door, Watching the full-starred heavens that winter sees, Will this thought rise on those who will meet my face no more, "He was one who had an eye for such mysteries"? And will any say when my bell of quittance is heard in the gloom, And a crossing breeze cuts a pause in its outrollings, Till they rise again, as they were a new bell’s boom, "He hears it not now, but used to notice such things"? 引自第120页
很喜欢哈代(Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928)的诗,《英诗的境界》收录了他的三首诗,在此和大家分享。
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