The Next Pattern of Conflict
导引——弗朗西斯·福山“历史的终结”
“The End of History and the Last Man is a 1992 book by Francis Fukuyama, expanding on his 1989 essay "The End of History?", published in the international affairs journal The National Interest. In the book, Fukuyama argues that the advent of Western liberal democracy may signal the end point of humanity's sociocultural evolution and the final form of human government.”
——维基百科
"What we may be witnessing is not just the end of the Cold War, or the passing of a particular period of post-war history, but the end of history as such: that is, the end point of mankind's ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government."
——弗朗西斯·福山 《历史的终结和最后的人》
冷战结束后,福山撰写了《历史的终结?》以及《历史的终结和最后的人》两篇文章,以政治制度和意识形态作为主要理论工具,来讨论社会主义阵营解体后西方自由民主制度在全球范围内的垄断。所谓“历史的终结?”作为福山理论的中心命题,其含义是指:西方自由民主制度是否有可能战胜与其竞争的其他制度,作为人类政治文明的最终形态。
这一命题,可以说给后冷战时代的国际政治理论设定了一个重要议程。但对后冷战时代 国际关系的具体走向,不同学者看法不同。亨廷顿教授主要列举了以下三点:
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the end of history引自第1页
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the return of traditional rivalries between nation states引自第1页
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the decline of the nation state from the conflicting pulls of tribalism and globalism引自第1页